WIS Document: 23916
Model Context: 900 (1997)
| |
Diagnostic trouble code
table, Saab Motronic 4.1
|
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
|
Faulty function/component
|
CHECK ENGINE (MIL)
|
ISAT scan tool display
|
Procedure, see
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0102
|
Mass air flow sensor, input to control module low,
open circuit or shorting to ground
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0102
INDUCTION AIR MASS OPEN/ SHORTING TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0103
|
Mass air flow sensor, control module input low,
shorting to batt+.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0103
INDUCTION AIR MASS SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0116
|
Engine coolant temperature sensor. Temperature
increase on start of engine less than that calculated by control module.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0116
COOLANT TEMPERATURE INPUT WRONG
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0117
|
Engine coolant temperature sensor. Control module
input low, shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0117
COOLANT TEMPERATURE SHORTING TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0118
|
Coolant temperature sensor, control module input
high, open circuit or shorting to batt+.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0118
COOLANT TEMPERATURE OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0122
|
Throttle position sensor. Control module input low,
shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0122
THROTTLE POSITION SHORTING TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0123
|
Throttle position sensor. Control module input high,
open circuit or shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0123
THROTTLE POSITION OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0130
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way
catalytic converter). Faulty operation.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0130
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 FUNCTION INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0131
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way
catalytic converter). Control module input low, shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0131
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 SHORT TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0132
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way
catalytic converter). Control module input high, shorting to battery positive
(Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0132
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 SHORT TO B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0133
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way
catalytic converter). Alternating between rich and lean too slow.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0133
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 LOW FREQUENCY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0134
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way catalytic
converter). Control module input low. Absent/open circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0134
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
|
Faulty function/component
|
CHECK ENGINE (MIL)
|
ISAT scan tool display
|
Procedure, see
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0136
|
Oxygen sensor after the three way catalytic
converter. Faulty operation.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P/I P0136
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 FUNCTION INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0137
|
Oxygen sensor after the three way catalytic
converter. Control module input low, shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0137
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 SHORT TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0138
|
Oxygen sensor after the three way catalytic
converter. Control module input high, shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0138
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 SHORT TO B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0139
|
Oxygen sensor after the three way catalytic
converter. Alternating between rich and lean too slow.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P0139
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 LOW FREQUENCY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0140
|
Oxygen sensor after the three way catalytic
converter. Control module input low, absent/open circuit
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0140
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0300
|
Random misfiring in one of the
cylinders.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0300
RANDOM MISFIRE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0301
|
Misfiring in cylinder 1.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0301
MISFIRING CYLINDER 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0302
|
Misfiring in cylinder 2.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0302
MISFIRING CYLINDER 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0303
|
Misfiring in cylinder 3.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0303
MISFIRING CYLINDER 3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0304
|
Misfiring in cylinder 4.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0304
MISFIRING CYLINDER 4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0327
|
Knock sensor. Control module input low,
absent/open circuit or short circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0327
KNOCKSENSOR BANK1 OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0335
|
Crankshaft position sensor, no control module
input
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0335
CRANKSHAFT POSITION NO INPUT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0336
|
Crankshaft position sensor, control module input
wrong
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0336
CRANKSHAFT POSITION INPUT WRONG
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0341
|
Camshaft position sensor. No control module
input.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0341
CAMSHAFT POSITION INPUT WRONG
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
|
Faulty function/component
|
CHECK ENGINE (MIL)
|
ISAT scan tool display
|
Procedure, see
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0410
|
Secondary air injection. Defective.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0410
SECONDARY AIR FLOW INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0411
|
Secondary air injection. Air flow too
weak.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0411
SECONDARY AIR FLOW LOW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0422
|
Three way catalytic converter. Defective.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0422
CAT. CONVERTER BANK1 FUNCTION INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0441
|
EVAP system. Minor leakage.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0441
EVAP VALVE FLOW INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0501
|
Vehicle speed. Incorrect signal.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0501
CAR SPEED SIGNAL INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0562
|
Battery voltage. Low voltage level.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P0562
BATTERY VOLTAGE LOW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0563
|
Battery voltage. High voltage level.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P0563
BATTERY VOLTAGE HIGH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0601
|
Control module, internal fault. Defective read
memory.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0601
CONTROL MODULE INTERNAL FAULT INTERNAL ROM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P0604
|
Control module, internal fault. Defective write
memory.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P0604
CONTROL MODULE INTERNAL FAULT INTERNAL RAM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1102
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way
catalytic converter). Current in preheating circuit much too high.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1102
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 PREHEATING HIGH CURRENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1105
|
Oxygen sensor after three way catalytic converter. Current in
preheating circuit much too high.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1105
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 PREHEATING HIGH CURRENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
|
Faulty function/component
|
CHECK ENGINE (MIL)
|
ISAT scan tool display
|
Procedure, see
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1115
|
Front heated oxygen sensor (before three way
catalytic converter). Current in preheating circuit much too low.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1115
O2S BANK1 SENSOR1 PREHEATING LOW CURRENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1117
|
Oxygen sensor after the three way catalytic
converter. Current in preheating circuit much too low.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1117
O2S BANK1 SENSOR2 PREHEATING LOW CURRENT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1123
|
Additive adaptation. Min value.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1123 ADD.ADAPTION BANK1
MINIMAL VALUE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1124
|
Additive adaptation. Max value.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1124 ADD.ADAPTION BANK1
MAXIMAL VALUE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1127
|
Multiplicative adaptation. Min value.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1127 MULT.ADAPTION BANK1
MINIMAL VALUE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1128
|
Multiplicative adaptation. Max value.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1128 MULT.ADAPTION BANK1
MAXIMAL VALUE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1213
|
Injector, cylinder 1. Control module input high,
shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1213
INJECTOR CYL 1 SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1214
|
Injector, cylinder 2. Control module input high,
shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1214
INJECTOR CYL 2 SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1215
|
Injector, cylinder 3. Control module input high,
shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1215
INJECTOR CYL 3 SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1216
|
Injector, cylinder 4. Control module input high,
shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1216
INJECTOR CYL 4 SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1225
|
Injector, cylinder 1. Control module input low, open
circuit or shorting to ground.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1225
INJECTOR CYL 1 OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1226
|
Injector, cylinder 2. Control module input low, open circuit or
shorting to ground.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1226
INJECTOR CYL 2 OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
|
Faulty function/component
|
CHECK ENGINE (MIL)
|
ISAT scan tool display
|
Action, see page:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1227
|
Injector, cylinder 3. Control module input low, open
circuit or shorting to ground.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1227
INJECTOR CYL 3 OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1228
|
Injector, cylinder 4. Control module input low, open
circuit or shorting to ground.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1228
INJECTOR CYL 4 OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1386
|
Control module. Internal fault, electronic circuitry for
processing knock sensor signals faulty.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1386
ECM INTERNAL FAULT KNOCK CONTROL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1410
|
EVAP canister purge valve. Control module output
high, shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1410
EVAP VALVE SHORTING TO B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1425
|
EVAP canister purge valve. Control module output
low, shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1425
EVAP VALVE SHORT TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1426
|
EVAP canister purge valve. Control module output
low, open circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1426
EVAP VALVE OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1510
|
Idle air control valve, open function. Control module
output high, shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1510
IAC VALVE OPEN SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1513
|
Idle air control valve, open function. Control module
output low, shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1513
IAC VALVE OPEN SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1514
|
Idle air control valve, open function. Control module
output low, open circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1514
IAC-VALVE OPEN, OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1551
|
Idle air control valve, close function. Control module
output low, open circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1551
IAC-VALVE CLOSED OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1552
|
Idle air control valve, close function. Control module
output low,
shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1552 IAC VALVE CLOSED SHORT
TO GROUND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1553
|
Idle air control valve, close function. Control module output high,
shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1553
IAC VALVE CLOSED SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC)
|
Faulty function/component
|
CHECK ENGINE (MIL)
|
ISAT scan tool display
|
Procedure, see
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1585
|
Fuel level less than 10 litres.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1585
TANK FUEL LEVEL LOW VOLUME
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1610
|
CHECK ENGINE. Control module input high, open
circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1610
MIL REQUEST OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1611
|
CHECK ENGINE. Control module input low,
shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1611
MIL REQUEST SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1616
|
Rough road sensor. Control module input low,
shorting to ground.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1616
ROUGH ROAD SENSOR SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1617
|
Rough road sensor. Control module input high, open
circuit or shorting to battery positive (Batt+).
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1617
ROUGH ROAD SENSOR OPEN CIRCUIT/SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1624
|
The automatic transmission has a stored emission-
related fault.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1624
MIL REQUEST ANSWER TCM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1664
|
Shift up, output signal from control module.
Malfunction.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1664
SHIFT-UP FUNCTION INCORRECT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1665
|
Intermittent faults which cannot identify any other
specific diagnostic trouble code.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1665
EVAP/INJECTORS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1670
|
Intermittent faults which cannot identify any other
specific diagnostic trouble code.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1670
OUTPUT STAGE IAC VALVES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1675
|
Intermittent faults which cannot identify any other
specific diagnostic trouble code.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1675
OUTPUT STAGE CHECK ENG. REQUEST FUEL PUMP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1680
|
Relay, secondary air injection. Control module
output, open circuit or short circuit.
|
On
|
FAULT XX P1680
OUTPUT STAGE IGNITION/RELAY AC RELAY SAI
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1691
|
CHECK ENGINE. Control module output high, open
circuit.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1691
CHECK ENGINE OPEN CIRCUIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1692
|
CHECK ENGINE. Control module output low,
shorting to ground.
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1692
CHECK ENGINE SHORT CIRCUIT GND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1693
|
CHECK ENGINE. Control module output high, shorting to battery
positive (Batt+).
|
----
|
FAULT XX P1693
CHECK ENGINE SHORT CIRCUIT B+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canonical Workshop Redirect
For step-by-step instructions, interactive illustrations, and official wiring diagrams, refer to the human-optimized workshop page below.
Switch to Interactive WIS